Present-day country
Canada
40 nations list Canada among their present-day countries.
Present-day countries are listed by ISO 3166 names. Many nations live across more than one.
40 nations
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Akwesasne
Also known as Mohawk Council of Akwesasne
Lands Along the St. Lawrence River where Ontario, Quebec and New York State meet, in Canada and the United States
Akwesasne spans lands in Quebec, Ontario and New York State, and three separate but linked political bodies govern it.
Source: Mohawk Council of Akwesasne (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Anishinabek Nation
Also known as Anishinaabe
Lands 39 First Nations across Ontario, Canada, from Pikwàkanagàn in the east and Aamjiwnaang in the south to Lake Nipigon in the north
The Anishinabek Nation speaks for 39 First Nations in Ontario with about 70,000 citizens, roughly one third of the province's First Nation population.
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Atikamekw
Also known as Nation Atikamekw
Lands Nitaskinan in central Quebec, Canada, with the communities of Manawan, Wemotaci and Opitciwan
Young people aged 0 to 35 make up about 65 percent of the Atikamekw population today.
Source: Conseil de la Nation Atikamekw (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Dene
Also known as Dene Nation
Lands Denendeh, the western Northwest Territories, Canada
The Dene Nation brings together five regional groups, the Gwich'in, Sahtú, Deh Cho, Tłı̨chǫ and Akaitcho Dene, each with its own language and territory.
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Eeyou
Also known as Cree Nation of Eeyou Istchee
Lands Eeyou Istchee, the lands east of James Bay and Hudson Bay in northern Quebec, Canada
The Cree of northern Quebec call themselves Eeyou. Their land, Eeyou Istchee, means the People's Land and includes eleven Cree communities.
Source: Grand Council of the Crees (Eeyou Istchee) / Cree Nation Government (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Gitxsan
Also known as Gitxsan Huwilp Government
Lands The Laxyip along the upper Skeena River and its tributaries in northern British Columbia, Canada
About 18,000 people of Gitxsan heritage live around the world.
Source: Gitxsan Huwilp Government (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Gwich'in
Also known as Kutchin (older term)
Lands Northeast Alaska, including Fort Yukon, Venetie and Arctic Village, plus northern Yukon and the Northwest Territories in Canada
Dinjii Zhuh K'yaa, the Gwich'in language, is one of ten Doyon region languages for which Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons.
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Haida Nation
Also known as Haida
Lands Haida Gwaii, an archipelago off the north coast of British Columbia, Canada
The Council of the Haida Nation works to steward the lands and waters of Haida territories and carry Haida culture and language to future generations.
Source: Council of the Haida Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Haíɫzaqv
Also known as Heiltsuk Nation
Lands The Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, centred on Bella Bella (Wáglísla) on Campbell Island
In 2025 Heiltsuk members ratified a written constitution, a milestone in self-governance.
Source: Heiltsuk Tribal Council (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Hän
Lands Eagle, Alaska, United States, and Dawson, Yukon, Canada, along the upper Yukon River
Hän is one of ten Doyon region languages for which Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons.
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Innu
Also known as Innu Nation (Labrador)
Lands Nitassinan: Labrador (Newfoundland and Labrador) and eastern Quebec, Canada
The Innu Nation land claim, accepted for negotiation in 1978, covers about 70 percent of Labrador.
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Inuit
Also known as Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK)
Lands Inuit Nunangat: the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Nunavut, Nunavik and Nunatsiavut in Arctic Canada
Roughly 60 percent of Inuit can hold a conversation in Inuktut, the Inuit language.
Source: Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Inuit of Nunavut
Also known as Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (NTI)
Lands Nunavut, Canada: the Qikiqtaaluk, Kivalliq and Kitikmeot regions
Under the agreement Inuit own about 350,000 square kilometres of land, including about 35,000 square kilometres with mineral rights.
Source: Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Inuvialuit
Also known as Inuvialuit Regional Corporation
Lands The Inuvialuit Settlement Region in the western Arctic, Northwest Territories and Yukon, Canada
Six communities lie within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region: Aklavik, Inuvik, Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour, Tuktoyaktuk and Ulukhaktok.
Source: Inuvialuit Regional Corporation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Kahnawà:ke
Also known as Kahnawake
Lands On the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, near Montreal, Quebec, Canada
For more than a hundred years, many people from Kahnawà:ke, mostly men, have worked in the ironworking trade, much of it in the United States.
Source: Mohawk Council of Kahnawà:ke (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Kainai
Also known as Blood Tribe
Lands Southern Alberta, Canada, with its main community at Standoff; part of the Blackfoot Confederacy
In 2026 the Blood Tribe Land Management Department won a Prairie Conservation Award.
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Ktunaxa
Also known as Ktunaxa Nation
Lands ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa: the Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada, with Kootenay Tribes also based today in Montana and Idaho, United States
The Ktunaxa Nation Council helps represent the shared interests of four Ktunaxa First Nations within ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa, the Ktunaxa homelands.
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Labrador Inuit
Also known as Nunatsiavummiut
Lands Nunatsiavut, on the north coast of Labrador, Canada
The Nunatsiavut Government offers an Inuttitut phrasebook app to encourage everyday speaking of the language in its communities.
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Lummi Nation
Also known as Lhaq'temish
Lands Northernmost coast of Washington State and the waters of Puget Sound, with ancestral lands reaching into southern British Columbia
Northwest Indian College, with its main campus on the Lummi Reservation, is the only accredited tribal college serving Washington, Oregon and Idaho.
Source: Northwest Indian College (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Métis Nation
Also known as Métis
Lands The Métis Nation Homeland as described by the Métis National Council: Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, plus parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the northern United States
Many historic Métis communities still stand along rivers and lakes once tied to fur trade posts, and many Métis citizens live in cities within the Homeland.
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Mi’kmaq
Also known as Mi’kmaw
Lands Mi’kma’ki: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and the Gaspé in Canada, with relatives in Maine, United States
Mi'kmaw communities in Nova Scotia wrote their own Netukulimk Livelihood Management Plans so members who fish can support themselves and their families.
Source: Kwilmu’kw Maw-klusuaqn (Mi’kmaq Rights Initiative) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Muskeg Lake Cree Nation
Also known as maskêko-sâkahikan
Lands Treaty 6 territory in central Saskatchewan, Canada, with urban reserve land in Saskatoon
Muskeg Lake Cree Nation planned a gathering for August 20 to 23, 2026 to mark 150 years since Treaty 6 was signed.
Source: Muskeg Lake Cree Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Nation Wendat
Also known as Huron-Wendat Nation
Lands Wendake, near Québec City, within the traditional territory Onyionhwentsïio’ in Quebec, Canada
The Nation counts more than 300 Wendat businesses, including many artisans, artists and cultural organizations.
Source: Nation Wendat (Wendake) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Nisg̱a’a Nation
Also known as Nisga'a
Lands The Nass River Valley (K’alii-Aksim-Lisims) in northwestern British Columbia, Canada
The Nisg̱a’a, People of the Nass River, are a self-governing First Nation on Canada's Pacific Coast.
Source: Nisg̱a’a Lisims Government (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Nunavik Inuit
Also known as Nunavimmiut
Lands Nunavik, northern Quebec, Canada: 15 villages along Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay
Language retention among Nunavik Inuit is over 95 percent, and Inuktitut remains the main language spoken in the region.
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Nuu-chah-nulth
Also known as Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council
Lands The west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
The Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council serves fourteen Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations with about 10,000 members, grouped in three regions.
Source: Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Passamaquoddy (Peskotomuhkati)
Also known as Peskotomuhkati
Lands Sipayik (Pleasant Point) and Motahkomikuk (Indian Township) in Maine, United States, and a community in New Brunswick, Canada
Over 3,000 Passamaquoddy citizens belong to three self-governing communities, two in Maine and one in New Brunswick, linked by political, cultural and kinship ties.
Source: Passamaquoddy Tribe at Sipayik (Pleasant Point) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Piikani Nation
Also known as Aapatohsipiikani
Lands Around Brocket in southern Alberta, Canada, near the Old Man River; part of the Blackfoot Confederacy
Piikani Nation had 3,928 registered members as of September 2026.
Source: Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Secwépemc
Also known as Shuswap
Lands Secwepemcúl’ecw, a large territory in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, stretching from the Columbia River valley west to the Fraser River
The Shuswap Nation Tribal Council brings together nine Secwépemc communities in the Southern Interior of British Columbia.
Source: Shuswap Nation Tribal Council (opens in a new tab) Checked
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səlilwətaɬ
Also known as Tsleil-Waututh Nation
Lands Burrard Inlet (səlilwət) in North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Tsleil-Waututh people see caring for the lands and waters of their territory as a birthright and obligation, so future generations can thrive.
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Siksika Nation
Also known as Siksika
Lands East of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; part of the Blackfoot Confederacy
Siksika's coat of arms, registered with the Canadian Heraldic Authority in June 1992, was the first registered by any Nation in Canada.
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Six Nations of the Grand River
Also known as Six Nations
Lands Along the Grand River in southern Ontario, Canada
It is the only First Nation community home to all six Haudenosaunee nations: Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Seneca and Tuscarora.
Source: Six Nations of the Grand River (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw
Also known as Squamish Nation
Lands The North Shore of Vancouver and the Squamish River valley, British Columbia, Canada
Sḵwx̱wú7mesh traditional territory covers 6,732 square kilometres and includes 23 villages.
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Syilx Okanagan Nation
Also known as Syilx
Lands The Okanagan, Similkameen and Nicola areas of British Columbia, Canada, and northern Washington State, United States
The Okanagan Nation Alliance reports that the new Okanagan Dam Fish Passage, after years of advocacy and planning, lets salmon reach Okanagan Lake for the first time in nearly 100 years.
Source: Okanagan Nation Alliance (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tłı̨chǫ
Also known as Tłı̨chǫ Government
Lands Between Great Slave Lake and Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories, Canada, around the communities of Behchokǫ̀, Whatì, Gamètì and Wekweètì
The Tłı̨chǫ Government makes laws for its citizens in areas including education, child and family services, and Tłı̨chǫ language and culture.
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Tsuut’ina Nation
Also known as Tsuut’ina
Lands Treaty 7 territory in southern Alberta, Canada, bordering the city of Calgary
Tsuut'ina Nation describes itself today as a highly sufficient and economically advanced First Nation.
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Upper Tanana
Also known as Upper Tanana Athabascans
Lands Northway, Tetlin and Tok in eastern Interior Alaska, United States, with a small community across the border in Canada
Née'aaneegn', the Upper Tanana language, is one of ten Doyon region languages for which Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons.
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Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation
Also known as Van Tat Gwich’in
Lands Old Crow and the surrounding homeland in northern Yukon, Canada
Old Crow, a fly-in community of about 300 people on the Porcupine River, is the seat of the Vuntut Gwitchin government.
Source: Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Wolastoqiyik
Also known as Wəlastəkwiyik
Lands The Wolastoq (Saint John River) watershed, from the Bay of Fundy to the St. Lawrence: New Brunswick and Quebec in Canada, and Maine in the United States
Six Wolastoqey communities in New Brunswick, Matawaskiye, Neqotkuk, Pilick, Sitansisk, Welamukotuk and Wotstak, work together through the Wolastoqey Nation in New Brunswick.
Source: Wolastoqey Nation in New Brunswick (opens in a new tab) Checked
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xʷməθkʷəy̓əm
Also known as Musqueam
Lands The Fraser River estuary, including much of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Musqueam is a strong, growing community of more than 1,300 members, many living on the Musqueam reserve near the mouth of the Fraser River.